If symptoms become overwhelming or include thoughts of self-harm or suicide, immediate support from a mental health professional or crisis service is important. In the U.S. and Canada, the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline is available 24/7.
Major depression, more formally called Major Depressive Disorder, is a mental health condition involving a persistent low mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure that lasts at least two weeks and significantly affects daily functioning.
It is more than ordinary sadness or having a bad day. Depression may affect emotions, thinking, physical health: Consult with a Medical Doctor, motivation, sleep, relationships, work, and concentration.
Common symptoms may include:
- Persistent sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Fatigue or low energy
- Changes in sleep (sleeping too much or too little)
- Changes in appetite or weight: Consult with a Medical Doctor
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or self-criticism
- Slowed movements or agitation
- Social withdrawal
- Thoughts of death or suicide in some cases: Consult with a Psychiatrist/Medical Doctor
People experience depression differently. Some mainly feel emotional pain, while others notice physical symptoms such as exhaustion, headaches, body aches, or difficulty functioning: Consult with a Psychiatrist/Medical Doctor
Possible contributing factors
Major depression may develop from a combination of factors, including:
- Genetics and family history
- Stressful life events or trauma
- Chronic stress
- Brain chemistry and neurobiology: Consult with a Psychiatrist/Medical Doctor
- Medical conditions: Consult with a Psychiatrist/Medical Doctor
- Substance use
- Social isolation or relationship difficulties
Types of depression
Related depressive conditions may include:
- Major depressive disorder
- Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
- Seasonal affective disorder
- Postpartum depression
- Bipolar depression (part of Bipolar Disorder)
Treatment
Consult with a Psychiatrist/Medical Doctor
Depression is treatable, and many people improve with support and care. Common treatments may include:
- Psychotherapy, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Medications: Consult with a Psychiatrist/Medical Doctor
- Lifestyle changes (sleep, exercise, social support, routines)
- Stress management and mindfulness-based approaches
- Support groups and community support
Important distinction
Depression may not simply “weakness,” laziness, or a lack of willpower. It is a recognized psychological and medical condition that can range from mild to severe.
If symptoms become overwhelming or include thoughts of self-harm or suicide, immediate support from a mental health professional or crisis service is important. In the U.S. and Canada, the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline is available 24/7.
Shervan K Shahhian
LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 